Results of a public opinion poll conducted by the Razumkov Centre Sociological Service jointly with the Kyiv Security Forum from April 24 to May 4, 2025.
The face-to-face poll was conducted in Vinnytsia, Volyn, Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Zhytomyr, Transcarpathian, Zaporizhia, Ivano-Frankivsk, Kyiv, Kirovohrad, Lviv, Mykolayiv, Odesa, Poltava, Rivne, Sumy, Ternopil, Kharkiv, Kherson, Khmelnytskyi, Cherkasy, Chernihiv, Chernivtsi regions and the city of Kyiv (in Zaporizhia, Donetsk, Mykolayiv, Kharkiv, Kherson regions — only in the territories controlled by the government of Ukraine and free of hostilities).
The poll was conducted using a stratified multi-stage sample with random selection at the first stages of sampling and quota selection of respondents at the final stage (when respondents were selected on the basis of gender and age quotas). The sample structure reflects the demographic structure of the adult population of the territories where the poll was conducted as of the beginning of 2022 (by age, sex, settlement type).
2,021 respondents aged 18 and over were polled. The sample theoretical error does not exceed 2.3%. However, additional systemic deviations of the sample may be caused by the consequences of Russian aggression, in particular, forced evacuation of millions of citizens.
Generally speaking, do you think that events in Ukraine are developing in the right or wrong direction?
| In the right direction | 32.1 |
| In a wrong direction | 47.2 |
| Hard to say | 20.7 |
Please rate your current state on a 10-point scale, where "0" means the maximum level of calm, confidence, and "10" — the maximum level of panic, fear, uncertainty
| Maximum calm, confidence | Maximum panic, fear, uncertainty | Hard to say | |||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |
| 1.1 | 1.9 | 3.9 | 7.1 | 10.0 | 18.5 | 14.6 | 17.3 | 11.8 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 1.7 |
Average score — 5.91
How would you describe your mood last month? ONE ANSWER
| I almost always feel bad, depresses | 9,3 |
| I often feel bad, not always though | 29,7 |
| I can hardly say which mood I feel more often | 36,5 |
| I am more often in a good, upbeat mood | 18,6 |
| I almost always feel good | 3,5 |
| Hard to say | 2,4 |
What religion do you identify yourself with?
| Orthodox | 59.9 |
| Roman Catholic | 1.3 |
| Greek Catholic | 9.7 |
| Protestant and Evangelic Churches | 2.2 |
| Judaism | 0.1 |
| Islam | 0.2 |
| Buddhism | 0.0 |
| Hinduism | 0.0 |
| Paganism | 0.2 |
| Just Christian | 13.2 |
| Other | 1.2 |
| I do not identify myself with any religious confession | 11.8 |
| No answer | 0.2 |
Which exactly Orthodox Church do you identify yourself with?
| % of all | % of the Orthodox | |
| Orthodox Church of Ukraine (Metropolitan Epiphanius) | 38.9 | 64.8 |
| Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) (Metropolitan Onufry) | 6.8 | 11.4 |
| Another Orthodox church | 0.6 | 1.0 |
| Just Orthodox | 13.1 | 21.9 |
| No idea | 0.5 | 0.9 |
| No answer | 40.0 | 0.0 |
What is your attitude to hypothetical public campaigns of assistance or support to each of the following groups …? (Please rate your attitude on a scale from 0 to 10, where "0" indicates your extremely negative attitude to a civic campaign of assistance or support to this group of people, and "10" — an extremely positive attitude)
| Average score | |
| Military personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine | 9.3 |
| Internally displaced persons, refugees from occupied and frontline regions | 7.6 |
| Citizens of Ukraine who left the country after the beginning of the war | 5.1 |
| Representatives of the opposition political forces | 3.2 |
| Representatives of the ruling political forces | 3.2 |
| Representatives of environmental organizations | 5.8 |
| People accused of evasion from military service | 3.2 |
| People accused of assistance to Russia and the Russian military | 0.8 |
| Representatives of sexual minorities | 2.4 |
| People accused of corrupt acts | 1.1 |
| Representatives of organizations fighting corruption | 5.7 |
| Representatives of women's organizations and associations | 6.3 |
| Representatives of human rights organizations | 6.0 |
| Representatives of cultural associations of national minorities | 5.8 |
| Handicapped and disabled persons | 8.3 |
| Low-income people | 7.4 |
| Representatives of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine | 5.8 |
| Representatives of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) | 2.3 |
Do you have relatives or friends (military or civilian) who died or were injured as a result of hostilities or bombing after February 24, 2022?
| Yes | 53.5 |
| No | 41.9 |
| Hard to say | 4.6 |
I will mention institutes of society. To what extent do you trust them?
| Totally distrust | Rather, distrust | Rather, trust | Fully trust | Hard to say | Balance | |
| President of Ukraine | 13.7 | 19.4 | 42.7 | 17.1 | 7.1 | 26.7 |
| Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine | 35.9 | 38.8 | 17.7 | 1.9 | 5.6 | -55.1 |
| Government of Ukraine | 32.7 | 36.1 | 23.0 | 1.5 | 6.6 | -44.3 |
| State machinery (officials) | 37.7 | 36.8 | 16.2 | 1.3 | 8.1 | -57.0 |
| Your city (town, village) mayor | 17.8 | 22.9 | 46.3 | 6.8 | 6.2 | 12.4 |
| Local council of your city (town, village) | 16.2 | 26.2 | 42.6 | 5.4 | 9.5 | 5.6 |
| Armed Forces of Ukraine | 1.7 | 2.9 | 24.3 | 68.4 | 2.8 | 88.1 |
| Ministry of Defence of Ukraine | 6.7 | 19.5 | 42.4 | 23.1 | 8.3 | 39.3 |
| State Border Service | 4.3 | 11.6 | 39.8 | 37.8 | 6.5 | 61.7 |
| National Guard of Ukraine | 4.6 | 10.2 | 39.8 | 39.0 | 6.3 | 64.0 |
| National Police | 15.2 | 28.2 | 37.0 | 12.6 | 7.0 | 6.2 |
| Security Service of Ukraine | 8.4 | 17.5 | 42.1 | 22.4 | 9.8 | 38.6 |
| State Emergency Service | 2.0 | 5.8 | 35.7 | 52.5 | 4.0 | 80.4 |
| Prosecutor’s Office | 27.0 | 35.1 | 22.2 | 4.1 | 11.6 | -35.8 |
| Courts (judicial system as a whole) | 34.1 | 37.0 | 14.7 | 2.6 | 11.6 | -53.8 |
| National Anticorruption Bureau of Ukraine (NABU) | 22.9 | 34.8 | 21.9 | 3.2 | 17.1 | -32.6 |
| Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor’s Office | 23.5 | 33.2 | 21.8 | 3.2 | 18.2 | -31.7 |
| National Agency on Corruption Prevention (NACP) | 23.6 | 32.4 | 20.9 | 3.4 | 19.6 | -31.7 |
| Verkhovna Rada Human Rights Commissioner (Ombudsman) | 11.4 | 22.6 | 37.2 | 9.9 | 18.9 | 13.1 |
| Ukrainian mass media | 15.6 | 31.4 | 38.7 | 5.7 | 8.6 | -2.6 |
| National Bank of Ukraine | 12.8 | 26.1 | 44.4 | 6.0 | 10.8 | 11.5 |
| Commercial banks | 22.4 | 33.6 | 26.1 | 3.0 | 14.9 | -26.9 |
| Trade unions | 18.3 | 25.9 | 24.0 | 4.6 | 27.2 | -15.6 |
| Political parties | 32.7 | 40.4 | 12.0 | 2.9 | 12.0 | -58.2 |
| Public organizations | 7.2 | 19.9 | 51.4 | 10.4 | 11.1 | 34.7 |
| Church | 8.7 | 14.8 | 43.9 | 19.6 | 13.0 | 40.0 |
| Volunteer detachments | 3.9 | 8.1 | 43.9 | 36.3 | 7.9 | 68.2 |
| Volunteer organizations | 3.2 | 10.4 | 52.0 | 30.2 | 4.2 | 68.6 |
| Ukrainian authorities as a whole | 21.0 | 32.4 | 30.4 | 4.9 | 11.2 | -18.1 |
| Ukrainian opposition as a whole | 27.2 | 34.7 | 17.1 | 2.0 | 19.1 | -42.8 |
I will now mentions some types of political systems. Tell me, how good they are for our country, in your opinion? For each one — whether it is a very good, rather good, rather bad, or a very bad system of government for our country?
| Very good | Rather good | Rather bad | Very bad | No answer | |
| A strong leader, independent of parliament and elections | 29.3 | 39.6 | 23.1 | 7.4 | 0.6 |
| It is not the government, but experts who make decisions that they consider best for the country | 15.7 | 42.2 | 33.0 | 8.3 | 0.7 |
| A military rule, or a military regime | 9.8 | 26.7 | 45.7 | 17.2 | 0.7 |
| A democratic political system | 43.6 | 44.4 | 8.5 | 3.0 | 0.5 |
With which of the following statements do you tend to agree most of all?
| Democracy is the most desirable type of government for Ukraine | 61.2 |
| Under certain circumstances, an authoritarian regime may be better than a democratic one | 12.9 |
| For a person like me, it doesn't matter whether the country is democratic or not | 15.2 |
| Hard to say | 10.7 |
With which of the following statements do you tend to agree more?
| Both freedom and prosperity are important, but in exchange for my well-being I am ready to give up part of my rights and civil liberties to the state | 26.7 |
| Both freedom and prosperity are important, but in exchange for my well-being I am ready to endure certain material hardships | 45.4 |
| Hard to say | 28.0 |
Do you think that Ukraine is a democratic state?
| Yes, Ukraine is a fully democratic state | 20.7 |
| Ukraine is not a fully democratic state yet, but it is moving towards democracy | 48.3 |
| Ukraine is not a democratic state, neither is it moving towards democracy | 21.5 |
| Hard to say | 9.5 |
With which of the following do you associate (identify) yourself in the first place?
| With the city of village where you live | 18.3 |
| With the region where you live | 12.3 |
| With Ukraine | 60.5 |
| With Russia | 0.4 |
| With the Soviet Union | 1.6 |
| With Europe | 4.4 |
| Other | 0.9 |
| Hard to say | 1.7 |
Do you feel like a European?
| Yes | 14.6 |
| Rather, yes | 24.6 |
| Rather, no | 26.8 |
| No | 25.0 |
| Hard to say | 9.0 |
What is your attitude to the idea of holding national elections (presidential or parliamentary) after a ceasefire (if it happens) but before a peace agreement is signed?
| Positive | 28.5 |
| Negative | 50.1 |
| Hard to say | 21.5 |
Now, I will mention some countries. Please tell me how positive or negative your attitude to each of them is.
| Fully positive | Mainly positive | Mainly negative | Fully negative | Hard to say | Balance | |
| Belarus | 3.9 | 11.4 | 32.7 | 45.0 | 6.9 | -62.4 |
| Great Britain | 43.7 | 46.7 | 4.7 | 2.0 | 2.9 | 83.7 |
| Denmark | 37.9 | 51.5 | 3.4 | 1.6 | 5.6 | 84.4 |
| Estonia | 43.5 | 46.1 | 4.7 | 2.2 | 3.5 | 82.7 |
| Israel | 16.5 | 47.1 | 16.7 | 6.8 | 12.9 | 40.1 |
| Iran | 2.1 | 10.9 | 27.1 | 51.9 | 8.1 | -66.0 |
| Canada | 45.1 | 47.3 | 3.4 | 1.6 | 2.6 | 87.4 |
| China | 4.6 | 21.0 | 32.1 | 33.0 | 9.3 | -39.5 |
| Latvia | 43.7 | 47.7 | 3.1 | 2.0 | 3.5 | 86.3 |
| Lithuania | 45.4 | 45.8 | 3.5 | 1.8 | 3.5 | 85.9 |
| Moldova | 26.4 | 57.1 | 6.1 | 2.6 | 7.8 | 74.8 |
| Netherlands | 39.2 | 50.6 | 3.4 | 1.6 | 5.3 | 84.8 |
| Germany | 42.0 | 49.2 | 4.5 | 1.7 | 2.6 | 85.0 |
| Norway | 41.2 | 48.2 | 4.3 | 1.4 | 4.8 | 83.7 |
| Poland | 40.4 | 47.1 | 5.9 | 2.9 | 3.7 | 78.7 |
| Russia | 0.8 | 2.1 | 7.6 | 87.8 | 1.7 | -92.5 |
| Romania | 13.1 | 53.3 | 15.2 | 5.7 | 12.7 | 45.5 |
| Slovakia | 10.9 | 45.7 | 20.9 | 9.3 | 13.2 | 26.4 |
| USA | 16.1 | 47.0 | 19.0 | 7.7 | 10.3 | 36.4 |
| Turkey | 17.6 | 51.9 | 16.3 | 3.7 | 10.5 | 49.5 |
| Hungary | 7.7 | 31.2 | 25.4 | 26.6 | 9.2 | -13.1 |
| Finland | 33.1 | 56.3 | 4.4 | 1.6 | 4.6 | 83.4 |
| France | 42.3 | 49.2 | 4.1 | 1.9 | 2.4 | 85.5 |
| Czechia | 38.8 | 49.5 | 4.7 | 1.4 | 5.5 | 82.2 |
| Sweden | 37.4 | 52.5 | 2.8 | 1.6 | 5.8 | 85.5 |
| Japan | 30.6 | 51.7 | 5.9 | 3.6 | 8.2 | 72.8 |
Which conditions do you consider to be the minimum necessary for a peace agreement with Russia?
| Liberation of Ukraine from Russian troops in the borders of 1991 | 39.4 |
| Liberation of Ukraine from Russian troops along the contact line of early 2022 | 29.8 |
| I admit the borders along the front line at the time of the agreement | 10.8 |
| Hard to say | 19.9 |
Do you agree with the following statements?
| Yes | No | Hard to say | |
| Ukraine can defeat Russia if Western partners provide enough weapons | 77.4 | 9.3 | 13.3 |
| Ukraine can defeat Russia if the West helps with human resources | 73.0 | 12.1 | 14.9 |
| Ukraine can defeat Russia if Ukraine builds a strong domestic defence industry and gets mobilization in order | 73.4 | 10.6 | 16.0 |
| Ukraine cannot defeat Russia, because their human, economic, financial and military-technical potentials are incomparable | 16.7 | 51.7 | 31.6 |
| Ukraine cannot defeat Russia because Russia has more efficient and prompt allies | 10.7 | 57.8 | 31.5 |
Do you think that a military victory for Ukraine in the war with Russia is possible?
| Yes | 60.6 |
| No | 18.8 |
| Hard to say | 20.6 |
If it were up to you, what would you be ready to give up during negotiations with Russia?
| Ukrainian territories | 11.1 |
| Pro-Western vector of Ukraine’s free development | 14.7 |
| None of the above | 56.9 |
| Hard to say | 17.4 |
With which of the following statements do you tend to agree most of all?
| In case of signing a peace agreement between Ukraine and Russia, both sides will seek to abide by the agreement | 10.8 |
| In case of signing a peace agreement between Ukraine and Russia, Russia will break the agreement and attack Ukraine as soon as it thinks convenient | 66.5 |
| In case of signing a peace agreement between Ukraine and Russia, Ukraine will break the agreement and attack Russia as soon as it thinks convenient | 2.6 |
| In case of signing a peace agreement between Ukraine and Russia, both sides will try to break the agreement. as soon as it is convenient for them | 5.6 |
| Hard to say | 14.4 |
Do you think Ukraine should agree to the following measures as a condition for signing a peace agreement with Russia
| Yes it should | No it should not | Hard to say | |
| Refusal from NATO membership | 30.5 | 52.3 | 17.2 |
| Reduction of the Armed Forces of Ukraine | 8.3 | 81.0 | 10.7 |
Do you believe in the possibility of signing a peace agreement between Ukraine and Russia in the near future?
| Yes | 27.9 |
| No | 54.1 |
| Hard to say | 18.0 |
Which model of social development seems more attractive for you?
| European model | 57.2 |
| Russian model | 0.7 |
| They are equally attractive | 2.7 |
| None of them is attractive | 27.5 |
| Hard to say | 11.9 |
Do you live now at the expense of…? (you main source of subsistence)
| Financial assistance from different sources | 2.4 |
| Previous savings | 0.8 |
| Business incomes | 3.0 |
| Permanent work | 46.3 |
| Temporary (additional) work | 6.4 |
| Scholarship | 1.4 |
| Pension | 24.7 |
| At the expense of incomes of another member(s) of my family (husband, wife, parents, etc.) | 9.6 |
| Other sources | 1.9 |
| Hard to say, no answer | 3.4 |
What changes took place in your work after February 24, 2022?
| No changes, I had no job before and don't have it now | 18.9 |
| No changes, I work as before | 32.9 |
| I fully or partially switched to remote work with full salary | 4.1 |
| I went on a fully paid long-term leave | 0.9 |
| I fully or partially switched to remote work with partial retention of my salary | 2.6 |
| I went on a partly paid leave | 0.5 |
| I went on a non-paid leave | 1.2 |
| I changed my job | 9.1 |
| I lost my job | 7.1 |
| I was unemployed before February 24, 2022, but now I have a job | 3.2 |
| Other | 14.2 |
| Hard to say | 5.3 |
Has your dwelling suffered from hostilities?
| Your dwelling was completely destroyed | 1.7 |
| It was damaged, but can be (or has been) restored (repaired) | 4.5 |
| Your dwelling has not suffered | 89.3 |
| You had no dwelling of your own | 1.7 |
| You don't know if your dwelling has suffered, and to what extent | 0.8 |
| No answer | 2.0 |
Do you belong to any of the groups I will mention?
| Yes | No | No answer | |
| During the full-scale war (after February 24, 2022), you had to leave your place of residence and to move to another place within Ukraine for more than one month, but now, you are back home | 9.8 | 89.6 | 0.6 |
| During the full-scale war (after February 24, 2022), you had to leave your place of residence and to move to another place within Ukraine, and after that you did not return to your place of residence | 3.9 | 95.3 | 0.8 |
| You lived in the territory occupied by Russian troops for some time | 5.8 | 93.4 | 0.8 |
| You lived in a combat zone or in an area that was shelled for some time | 14.5 | 84.9 | 0.7 |
| You left your place of residence after 2014 due to hostilities in Donbas or occupation of the Crimea | 1.2 | 98.0 | 0.8 |
| During the war, you had to leave your place of residence and to live abroad for some time | 3.9 | 95.3 | 0.8 |
| You are a combatant or a war veteran | 3.0 | 96.2 | 0.8 |
Do you have close relatives or family members who left the country after February 24, 2022? % among those whose close relatives or family members left the country after February 24, 2022, and at least some of them still live abroad
| Yes, and they live abroad even now | 24.2 |
| Yes, but they have returned to Ukraine | 14.5 |
| I have those who left the country after February 24 and still live abroad, as well as those who left the country after February 24 but returned to Ukraine | 9.5 |
| I don't have close relatives or family members who left the country after February 24 | 48.0 |
| Hard to say | 3.8 |
Do your close relatives or family members who currently live abroad plan to return to Ukraine after the war?
| All my close relatives or family members plan to return to Ukraine | 16.0 |
| Some do, others don’t | 39.7 |
| They don’t plan to | 24.4 |
| Hard to say / no idea | 20.0 |
In which country are (were) they? (write; if they were in different countries, specify them all), % among those whose close relatives or family members left the country after February 24, 2022
| Poland | 41.4 |
| Germany | 28.3 |
| Czechia | 11.6 |
| Italy | 6.8 |
| Canada | 5.0 |
| USA | 5.0 |
| Great Britain | 4.6 |
| Spain | 4.1 |
| France | 4.0 |
| The Netherlands | 3.8 |
| Denmark | 2.6 |
| Norway | 2.6 |
| Sweden | 1.8 |
| Slovakia | 1.7 |
| Portugal | 1.3 |
| Hungary | 1.3 |
| Lithuania | 1.1 |
| Moldova | 1.1 |
| Romania | 1.1 |
| Switzerland | 1.1 |
| Belgium | 1.0 |
| Ireland | 1.0 |
| Bulgaria | 0.9 |
| Austria | 0.6 |
| Estonia | 0.6 |
| Turkey | 0.6 |
| Finland | 0.6 |
| Cyprus | 0.5 |
| Belarus | 0.4 |
| Latvia | 0.4 |
| Croatia | 0.4 |
| Israel | 0.3 |
| Russia | 0.2 |
| Australia | 0.1 |
| Albania | 0.1 |
| Egypt | 0.1 |
| Iceland | 0.1 |
| Thailand | 0.1 |
| Montenegro | 0.1 |
| No answer | 2.8 |
Do you plan to leave Ukraine for another country for permanent residence after the war?
| I will certainly leave Ukraine | 2.3 |
| I will most probably leave Ukraine | 7.4 |
| I will most probably not leave Ukraine | 21.7 |
| I will certainly not leave Ukraine | 52.3 |
| Hard to say | 16.2 |
Do you support introduction of universal military duty in Ukraine, following the example of Israel, where all citizens of the country — both men and women — are subject to conscription?
| Yes | 25.8 |
| No | 54.0 |
| Hard to say | 20.2 |
In the event of introduction of universal military duty following the example of Israel, are you ready to participate in regular military trainings lasting from 50 to 100 days?
| Yes, once a year | 7.2 |
| Yes, once in three years | 10.3 |
| Yes, once in five years | 7.0 |
| No, I am not ready | 56.5 |
| Hard to say | 18.9 |
How would you assess the efficiency of international support for Ukraine resisting Russian aggression? on a five-point scale from 1 to 5, where "1" means that the assistance is completely inefficient, "5" — very efficient
| Average score | |
| Military assistance | 3.4 |
| Financial assistance | 3.5 |
| Imposition of sanctions against the aggressor country | 2.8 |
| Assistance with reconstruction of destroyed facilities in Ukraine | 3.1 |
| Political solidarity with and support for Ukraine on international platforms | 3.5 |
| Facilitation of reforms in Ukraine | 3.0 |
| Assistance to Ukrainian refugees | 3.8 |
Do you believe in Ukraine’s victory in the war with Russia?
| Yes | 41.6 |
| Rather, yes | 34.1 |
| Rather, no | 9.0 |
| No | 4.5 |
| Hard to say | 10.8 |
What is your personal idea of the victory in the war?
| % among all those polled | % among those who believe in Ukraine’s victory | |
| End of the war, even if the Russian army remains in the territories seized after February 24, 2022 (parts of Kherson, Zaporizhia regions, Donbas) | 12.2 | 8.2 |
| Expulsion of Russian troops behind the line as of February 23, 2022 (separate districts of Donetsk, Luhansk regions and Crimea remain occupied) | 20.1 | 20.7 |
| Expulsion of Russian troops from the entire territory of Ukraine except Crimea | 10.0 | 10.8 |
| Expulsion of Russian troops from the entire territory of Ukraine and restoration of borders as of January 2014 | 25.8 | 29.8 |
| Defeat of the Russian army and an uprising in /collapse of Russia | 18.4 | 21.4 |
| Other | 2.1 | 1.2 |
| Hard to say | 11.5 | 7.9 |
After Ukraine's victory and de-occupation of its territory, will you support a complete breach of all relations with Russia, including a complete ban on the entry of Russian citizens into Ukraine?
| Yes | 58.2 |
| Rather, yes | 22.3 |
| Rather, no | 6.7 |
| No | 3.7 |
| Hard to say | 9.2 |
Do you believe Belarus to be a party to the war, fighting against Ukraine?
| Yes | 75.8 |
| No | 12.0 |
| Hard to say | 12.2 |
After Ukraine's victory and de-occupation of its territory, will you support a complete breach of all relations with the Belarus, including a complete ban on the entry of Belarusian citizens into Ukraine (except political asylum seekers)?
| Yes | 37,2 |
| Rather, yes | 25,9 |
| Rather, no | 16,5 |
| No | 6,4 |
| Hard to say | 14,0 |
How do you see Ukraine’s future?
| Ukraine will be a highly developed, democratic, influential European country | 51.0 |
| Ukraine will be a country with a special path of development (like China) | 19.1 |
| Ukraine will be an undeveloped appendage of Russia | 0.4 |
| Ukraine will be an undeveloped appendage of the West | 5.3 |
| Ukraine will always be a «Third World» country, undeveloped and uninfluential | 1.7 |
| Ukraine will disappear as an independent state | 1.2 |
| I don’t care about the future of this country | 0.5 |
| Other | 2.6 |
| Hard to say | 18.3 |
