Other Publications

Razumkov Centre has joined the international project “InvigoratEU: Invigorating Enlargement and Neighbourhood Policy for a Resilient Europe”. The project is being implemented by a consortium of research institutions — members of the Trans European Policy Studies Association (TEPSA) and funded by the European Union.

Among the authors of the policy report “Rethinking Spcial Cohesion in EU Accession Countries” is Leading Expert of theSocial and Gender Programmes of the Razumkov Centre, Olha Pyshchulina.

Executive summary: The present Policy Report analyses the nature and dynamics of social cohesion in the candidate countries of the Eastern Neighbourhood (Georgia, Moldova, Ukraine) and Western Balkans (Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia) and identifies to what extent the EU accession process has impacted it. As there have been no systematic, comparative or in-depth studies of social cohesion conducted covering these countries, our knowledge of its regional peculiarities is rather scarce. Addressing this gap, the Report presents the first attempt of conducting an in-depth comparative analysis of the nature and dynamic of social cohesion in the candidate countries of the Eastern Neighbourhood (EN) and Western Balkans (WB), specifically in the context of the EU accession process.

Disclaimer: Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.

Razumkov Centre has joined the international project “InvigoratEU: Invigorating Enlargement and Neighbourhood Policy for a Resilient Europe”. The project is being implemented by a consortium of research institutions — members of the Trans European Policy Studies Association (TEPSA) and funded by the European Union.

Among the authors of the policy brief “Strengthening Critical Infastructure Resilience in the Era of Hybrid Threats” is Leading Expert of the Energy Programmes of the Razumkov Centre, Svitlana Chekunova.

Executive summary: Europe’s critical infrastructure (CI) is facing an increasingly hostile threat environment from a variety of different actors. Russian hybrid operations, sabotage against energy and communications systems, and the vulnerabilities in increasingly interconnected systems highlight the importance of the topic. Recent attacks on European CI such as attacks on undersea cables in the Baltic Sea or incidents such as drone incursions into EU and NATO airspace highlight that protection as an inherent goal is unachievable. Instead, the goal should be to create resilient systems that can absorb and recover from disruptions.

The policy brief identifies two main clusters of challenges and key lessons. It also highlights that CI resilience is a EU-level issue. Resilience continues to be a shared vulnerability and a shared opportunity at the same time. 11 different recommendations are presented to different actors. Some of the priorities include harmonising incident reporting across directives; expanding EU-NATO cooperation; supporting candidate countries through technical assistance and capacity building; developing regional early-warning mechanisms; and promoting cross-border risk assessments and joint preparedness exercises.

Disclaimer: Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.

Razumkov Centre has joined the international project “InvigoratEU: Invigorating Enlargement and Neighbourhood Policy for a Resilient Europe”. The project is being implemented by a consortium of research institutions — members of the Trans European Policy Studies Association (TEPSA) and funded by the European Union.

Among the authors of the publication “Democracy-Support Innovations in the Eastern Neighbourhood” is Co-Director of the Foreign Relations and International Security Programmes of the Razumkov Centre, Mykhailo Pashkov.

Executive summary: This comparative analysis concludes the InvigoratEU work package by synthesising findings from Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine through one of the project task's multi-level framework, which conceptualises democratisation as the interplay of international (e.g., EU conditionality), regional (e.g., Russian hybrid threats), state (e.g., institutional reforms), and societal (e.g., civil society agency) factors in conflict and post-conflict contexts. Moving beyond traditional transition models, the study identifies three distinct patterns of democratic resilience in the Eastern Neighbourhood — securitised hollowing (Georgia), hybrid consolidation (Moldova), and wartime hybridisation (Ukraine) — thus fulfilling one of the project Objective by offering innovative perspectives on democratisation amid blockages to democracy, stability, and resilience. Drawing on these models and empirical lessons, the recommendations (one of the project's task) translate into practical guidance for EU policymakers, promoting adaptive resilience while balancing securitisation measures with safeguards for pluralism.

Disclaimer: Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.

Razumkov Centre has joined the international project “InvigoratEU: Invigorating Enlargement and Neighbourhood Policy for a Resilient Europe”. The project is being implemented by a consortium of research institutions — members of the Trans European Policy Studies Association (TEPSA) and funded by the European Union.

Among the authors of the publication “Long Policy Report on a common framework for the protection of critial infrastructure in the EU and its neighbourhood” is Leading Expert of the Energy Programmes of the Razumkov Centre, Svitlana Chekunova.

Executive summary: The report provides detailed analysis of the evolution and exiting policies of the EU in the field of the critical infrastructure (CI) protection and resilience as well as structured assessment of how CI related policies are adopted and implemented in selected EU Member States and candidate countries. To structure the comparative analysis of the national policies and institutions it proposes an analytical framework based on the policy implementation and compliance with EU norms literature focusing on the threat landscape, policy and institutional context as well as incentives and capacities for implementing CI related policies. This allows to provide an assessment of the current state of CI related policies in three selected EU Member States and three candidate countries which is based on original material collected for the purpose of this report, including primary and secondary sources. The conclusions and recommendations section elaborates on the differences and similarities of national CI related policies as well as challenges and opportunities for their alignment taking into the functional needs originating from existing interdependencies as well as specificities of national contexts. They also illustrate the ways and means of further contributions of the EU, in particular, the European Commission in advancing the goals of CI related policies and their alignment in the enlarging EU and its neighbourhood.

Disclaimer: Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.

Razumkov Centre has joined the international project “InvigoratEU: Invigorating Enlargement and Neighbourhood Policy for a Resilient Europe”. The project is being implemented by a consortium of research institutions — members of the Trans European Policy Studies Association (TEPSA) and funded by the European Union.

The publication contains the results of the survey which was conducted by the Sociological Service of the Razumkov Centre on February 28 – March 6, 2025

Executive summary: The European security outlook, and European support for Ukraine in particular, has changed dramatically. The EU is Ukraine’s key ally, a fact that Ukrainians fully appreciate. The full-scale war has created momentum for previously impossible forms of assistance and cooperation. In the first days of the full-scale war, EU member states considered sending only helmets to Ukraine, whereas in 2025, the military support sent by EU member states to Ukraine is worth 60 billion euros, including advanced and lethal weapon systems, as well as supplies ranging from ammunition to missiles and fighter jets. The most recent plans for security guarantees for a post-ceasefire Ukraine, including air policing, maritime operations, and a reassurance force building capacities for Ukraine’s land forces, demonstrate the cumulative change in the willingness of European states to respond to Ukraine’s security needs.

Disclaimer: Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.

Razumkov Centre has joined the international project “InvigoratEU: Invigorating Enlargement and Neighbourhood Policy for a Resilient Europe”. The project is being implemented by a consortium of research institutions — members of the Trans European Policy Studies Association (TEPSA) and funded by the European Union.

Among the authors of the publication “Long Policy Report on rules alignment of protecting critical infrastructure in interdependent states” is Leading Expert of the Energy Programmes of the Razumkov Centre, Svitlana Chekunova.

Executive summary: The report provides an extensive discussion of evolving landscape of threats to the Cl in the EU and selected candidate countries in recent years and the challenges which, while varying depending on particular countries, also are common to all states affected by geopolitical tensions. The analysis of threats to energy, communications, transport and other Cl in the Baltic States, Ukraine and the Baltic Sea region shows that hostile activities by authoritarian states, in particular, Russia, or actors linked to them have become increasingly frequent. Their proliferation especially intensified after Russia's full-scale war against Ukraine in 2022, as it also became a wider confrontation between the West and authoritarian powers. The analysis of Cl-related policies in Montenegro, Ukraine and Georgia — three candidate countries, which differ in terms of their state of accession into the EU, their connectivity patterns and risks to their Cl associated with them — allows to assess different challenges arising to their Cl and provision of vital services to society and state and methods of coping with them in each of them. The report concludes with recommendations emphasising the importance of daily practices of partnership and exercises involving all stake holders of Cl ecosystems and cooperation with the EU and NATO partners, taking into account different patterns of interdependencies and existing threats.

Disclaimer: Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.

Existing knowledge of the private healthcare system in Ukraine is small and fragmented. In fact, it is limited to data on the number of private healthcare organisations, their capacity (beds and visits per shift), number of employees and some marketing research on the market for paid health services. The economy of private health institutions, their social positioning and interaction with the public health sector were rarely subject to analysis.